Springer Berlin HeidelbergBerlin/HeidelbergSpringer1313010.1007/13130.1029-84791029-847932745009Journal of High Energy PhysicsJ. High Energ. Phys.PhysicsElementary Particles, Quantum Field TheoryQuantum Field Theories, String TheoryClassical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity TheoryQuantum PhysicsPhysics and Astronomy2020202012121220720213252020122020The Author(s)2020142992007.0775510.1007/JHEP12(2020)0101010Azimuthal single- and double-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic lepton scattering by transversely polarized protonsRegular Article - Experimental Physics1862020122202073120201042020122The Author(s)2020Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.13130202020201212The HERMES CollaborationA.AirapetianN.AkopovZ.AkopovE.C.AschenauerW.AugustyniakR.AvakianA.BacchettaS.BelostotskiV.BryzgalovG.P.CapitaniE.CisbaniG.CiulloM.ContalbrigoW.DeconinckR.De LeoE.De SanctisM.DiefenthalerP.Di NezzaM.DürenG.ElbakianF.EllinghausA.FantoniL.FelawkaG.GavrilovV.GharibyanD.HaschY.HollerA.IvanilovH.E.JacksonS.JoostenR.KaiserG.KaryanE.KinneyA.KisselevV.KozlovP.KravchenkoL.LagambaL.LapikásI.LehmannP.LenisaW.LorenzonS.I.ManaenkovB.MarianskiH.MarukyanY.MiyachiA.MovsisyanV.MucciforaY.NaryshkinA.NassG.NazaryanW.-D.NowakL.L.PappalardoP.E.ReimerA.R.ReolonC.RiedlK.RithG.RosnerA.RostomyanJ.RubinD.RyckboschA.SchäferG.Schnellmanagement@hermes.desy.deB.SeitzT.-A.ShibataV.ShutovM.StateraA.TerkulovM.TytgatY.Van HaarlemC.Van HulseD.VeretennikovI.VilardiS.YaschenkoD.ZeilerB.ZihlmannP.Zupranskigrid.187073.a0000 0001 1939 4845Physics DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneIllinois60439-4843U.S.A.grid.470190.bIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari70124BariItalygrid.11480.3c0000000121671098Department of Theoretical PhysicsUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU48080BilbaoSpaingrid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science48013BilbaoSpaingrid.266190.a0000000096214564Nuclear Physics LaboratoryUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColorado80309-0390U.S.A.grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453DESY22603HamburgGermanygrid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453DESY15738ZeuthenGermanygrid.33762.330000000406204119Joint Institute for Nuclear Research141980DubnaRussiagrid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Physikalisches InstitutUniversität Erlangen-Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermanygrid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della TerraUniversità di Ferrara44122FerraraItalygrid.463190.90000 0004 0648 0236Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati00044FrascatiItalygrid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Physics and AstronomyGhent University9000GentBelgiumgrid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627II. Physikalisches InstitutJustus-Liebig Universität Gießen35392GießenGermanygrid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XSUPA, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdomgrid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of PhysicsUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois61801-3080U.S.A.grid.214458.e0000000086837370Randall Laboratory of PhysicsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan48109-1040U.S.A.grid.425806.d0000 0001 0656 6476Lebedev Physical Institute117924MoscowRussiagrid.420012.50000 0004 0646 2193National Institute for Subatomic Physics (Nikhef)1009 DBAmsterdamThe Netherlandsgrid.430219.d0000 0004 0619 3376Petersburg Nuclear Physics InstituteNational Research Center Kurchatov InstituteGatchina188300Leningrad RegionRussiagrid.424823.b0000 0004 0620 440XInstitute for High Energy Physics, National Research Center Kurchatov InstituteProtvino142281Moscow RegionRussiagrid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Theoretische PhysikUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermanygrid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma, Gruppo Collegato Sanità, and Istituto Superiore di Sanità00161RomaItalygrid.232474.40000 0001 0705 9791TRIUMFVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 2A3Canadagrid.32197.3e0000 0001 2179 2105Department of PhysicsTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo152Japangrid.450295.f0000 0001 0941 0848National Centre for Nuclear Research00-689WarsawPolandgrid.48507.3e0000 0004 0482 7128Yerevan Physics Institute375036YerevanArmeniaAbstractA comprehensive set of azimuthal single-spin and double-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive leptoproduction of pions, charged kaons, protons, and antiprotons from transversely polarized protons is presented. These asymmetries include the previously published HERMES results on Collins and Sivers asymmetries, the analysis of which has been extended to include protons and antiprotons and also to an extraction in a three-dimensional kinematic binning and enlarged phase space. They are complemented by corresponding results for the remaining four single-spin and four double-spin asymmetries allowed in the one-photon-exchange approximation of the semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering process for target-polarization orientation perpendicular to the direction of the incoming lepton beam. Among those results, significant non-vanishing cos (ϕ−ϕS) modulations provide evidence for a sizable worm-gear (II) distribution, $$ {g}_{1\mathrm{T}}^q\left(x,{\mathrm{p}}_T^2\right) $$. Most of the other modulations are found to be consistent with zero with the notable exception of large sin (ϕS) modulations for charged pions and K+.KeywordsFixed target experimentsPolarizationQCDArXiv ePrint: 2007.07755Deceased (R. Avakian, S. Belostotski, H. E. Jackson, B. Marianski)Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2020)010.