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Phenotype, penetrance, and treatment of 133 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4–insufficient subjects

Schwab, Charlotte ; Gabrysch, Annemarie ; Olbrich, Peter ; Patiño, Virginia ; Warnatz, Klaus ; Wolff, Daniel ; Hoshino, Akihiro ; Kobayashi, Masao ; Imai, Kohsuke ; Takagi, Masatoshi ; Dybedal, Ingunn ; Haddock, Jamanda A. ; Sansom, David M. ; Lucena, Jose M. ; Seidl, Maximilian ; Schmitt-Graeff, Annette ; Reiser, Veronika ; Emmerich, Florian ; Frede, Natalie ; Bulashevska, Alla ; Salzer, Ulrich ; Schubert, Desirée ; Hayakawa, Seiichi ; Okada, Satoshi ; Kanariou, Maria ; Kucuk, Zeynep Yesim ; Chapdelaine, Hugo ; Petruzelkova, Lenka ; Sumnik, Zdenek ; Sediva, Anna ; Slatter, Mary ; Arkwright, Peter D. ; Cant, Andrew ; Lorenz, Hanns-Martin ; Giese, Thomas ; Lougaris, Vassilios ; Plebani, Alessandro ; Price, Christina ; Sullivan, Kathleen E. ; Moutschen, Michel ; Litzman, Jiri ; Freiberger, Tomas ; van de Veerdonk, Frank L. ; Recher, Mike ; Albert, Michael H. ; Hauck, Fabian ; Seneviratne, Suranjith ; Pachlopnik Schmid, Jana ; Kolios, Antonios ; Unglik, Gary ; Klemann, Christian ; Speckmann, Carsten ; Ehl, Stephan ; Leichtner, Alan ; Blumberg, Richard ; Franke, Andre ; Snapper, Scott ; Zeissig, Sebastian ; Cunningham-Rundles, Charlotte ; Giulino-Roth, Lisa ; Elemento, Olivier ; Dückers, Gregor ; Niehues, Tim ; Fronkova, Eva ; Kanderová, Veronika ; Platt, Craig D. ; Chou, Janet ; Chatila, Talal A. ; Geha, Raif ; McDermott, Elizabeth ; Bunn, Su ; Kurzai, Monika ; Schulz, Ansgar ; Alsina, Laia ; Casals, Ferran ; Deyà-Martinez, Angela ; Hambleton, Sophie ; Kanegane, Hirokazu ; Taskén, Kjetil ; Neth, Olaf ; Grimbacher, Bodo



Abstract

Background: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a negative immune regulator. Heterozygous CTLA4 germline mutations can cause a complex immune dysregulation syndrome in human subjects. Objective: We sought to characterize the penetrance, clinical features, and best treatment options in 133 CTLA4 mutation carriers. Methods: Genetics, clinical features, laboratory values, and outcomes of ...

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