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Yakubov, Shahboz ; Stockerl, W. J. ; Tian, Xianhai ; Shahin, A. ; Mandigma, M. J. P. ; Gschwind, Ruth Maria ; Barham, Joshua P.

Benzoates as photosensitization catalysts and auxiliaries in efficient, practical, light-powered direct C(sp3)–H fluorinations

Yakubov, Shahboz , Stockerl, W. J., Tian, Xianhai, Shahin, A., Mandigma, M. J. P., Gschwind, Ruth Maria and Barham, Joshua P. (2022) Benzoates as photosensitization catalysts and auxiliaries in efficient, practical, light-powered direct C(sp3)–H fluorinations. Chemical Science 13, pp. 14041-14051.

Date of publication of this fulltext: 18 Nov 2022 14:37
Article
DOI to cite this document: 10.5283/epub.53217


Abstract

Of the methods for direct fluorination of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds, photosensitization of SelectFluor is a promising approach. Although many substrates can be activated with photosensitizing catalysts, issues remain that hamper fluorination of complex molecules. Alcohol- or amine-containing functional groups are not tolerated, fluorination regioselectivity follows factors endogenous to the ...

Of the methods for direct fluorination of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds, photosensitization of SelectFluor is a promising approach. Although many substrates can be activated with photosensitizing catalysts, issues remain that hamper fluorination of complex molecules. Alcohol- or amine-containing functional groups are not tolerated, fluorination regioselectivity follows factors endogenous to the substrate and cannot be influenced by the catalyst, and reactions are highly air-sensitive. We report that benzoyl groups serve as highly efficient photosensitizers which, in combination with SelectFluor, enable visible light-powered direct fluorination of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds. Compared to previous photosensitizer architectures, the benzoyls have versatility to function both (i) as a photosensitizing catalyst for simple substrate fluorinations and (ii) as photosensitizing auxiliaries for complex molecule fluorinations that are easily installed and removed without compromising yield. Our auxiliary approach (i) substantially decreases the reaction's induction period, (ii) enables C(sp3)–H fluorination of many substrates that fail under catalytic conditions, (iii) increases kinetic reproducibility, and (iv) promotes reactions to higher yields, in shorter times, on multigram scales, and even under air. Observations and mechanistic studies suggest an intimate ‘assembly’ of auxiliary and SelectFluor prior/after photoexcitation. The auxiliary allows other EnT photochemistry under air. Examples show how auxiliary placement proximally directs regioselectivity, where previous methods are substrate-directed.



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Details

Item typeArticle
Journal or Publication TitleChemical Science
Publisher:Royal Society of Chemistry
Volume:13
Page Range:pp. 14041-14051
Date2022
InstitutionsChemistry and Pharmacy > Institut für Organische Chemie > Arbeitskreis Prof. Dr. Ruth Gschwind
Identification Number
ValueType
10.1039/D2SC05735BDOI
Dewey Decimal Classification500 Science > 540 Chemistry & allied sciences
StatusPublished
RefereedYes, this version has been refereed
Created at the University of RegensburgYes
URN of the UB Regensburgurn:nbn:de:bvb:355-epub-532178
Item ID53217

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