The available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the influence of peritoneal
interposition flaps (PIF) on the reduction of symptomatic lymphoceles (sLCs) post robot-assisted
radical prostatectomy (RARP) do not constitute a sufficient follow-up (FU) to assess the long-term
effects. The PIANOFORTE trial was the first of these RCTs, showing no sLC reduction at the 3-month
FU. Therefore, all 232 patients from the PIANOFORTE trial were invited for long-term FU. One
hundred seventy-six patients (76%) presented themselves for FU and constituted the study group
(SG). The median FU duration was 43 months. No significant differences in group allocation or LC
endpoints at 90 days were observed between SG patients and patients not presenting themselves for
the FU. During the FU period, four patients (2.3%) in the SG developed sLCs, and six patients (3.4%)
developed asymptomatic lymphoceles (aLCs), which persisted in five patients (2.9%). There were no
significant differences between PIF and non-PIF regarding sLC/aLC formation or persistence, newly
developed complications, stress urinary incontinence or biochemical/clinical tumour recurrence.
Therefore, this long-term FU confirms the primary outcomes of the PIANOFORTE trial that, while
PIF does not impact complications or functionality, it does not reduce sLC/aLC rates. Furthermore, it
shows the potential occurrence of LC after the third postoperative month.