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Gärtner, Stefanie ; Witzmann, Michael ; Lorenz-Fuchs, Corinna ; Gschwind, Ruth M. ; Korber, Nikolaus

Liquid Ammonia: More than an Innocent Solvent for Zintl Anions

Gärtner, Stefanie , Witzmann, Michael, Lorenz-Fuchs, Corinna, Gschwind, Ruth M. and Korber, Nikolaus (2024) Liquid Ammonia: More than an Innocent Solvent for Zintl Anions. Inorganic Chemistry 63 (43), pp. 20240-20249.

Date of publication of this fulltext: 14 Aug 2024 13:25
Article
DOI to cite this document: 10.5283/epub.58875


Abstract

Liquid ammonia as the original solvent for Zintl anions has been replaced by easier to handle or more versatile solvents in most recent Zintl chemistry. However, methodological advances have made it possible to structurally investigate the anions in ammoniate crystals via crystallography or in the solutions themselves via nuclear magnetic resonance. While in some cases liquid ammonia acts as an ...

Liquid ammonia as the original solvent for Zintl anions has been replaced by easier to handle or more versatile solvents in most recent Zintl chemistry. However, methodological advances have made it possible to structurally investigate the anions in ammoniate crystals via crystallography or in the solutions themselves via nuclear magnetic resonance. While in some cases liquid ammonia acts as an innocent solvent, it also provides different possibilities of direct involvement in chemical reactions. In addition to simple dissolution without changes to the anions observed in the solid starting materials, protonation of the anion, incongruent dissolution involving redox processes, and further oxidation and reduction products have been observed. The use of the solvent liquid ammonia under ambient pressure is limited to low temperatures, which in turn allows the monitoring of kinetically stabilized species, some of which cannot be accessed at higher temperatures. In this work, the available literature reports are summarized or referenced, and compounds that have been characterized as new ammoniate crystals are presented and contextualized. Innocent dissolution is observed for clusters involved in K2.9Rb5.1[Si4][Si9]·15NH3, Cs4Sn9·12NH3, Cs4Pb9·5NH3, and [Rb@[18]crown-6]2[Rb@[2.2.2]crypt]Rb[Ge9]·4NH3. Formal protonation of [Ge4]4– results in the crystallization of [Na@[2.2.2]crypt]2[H2Ge4]·3NH3. Tt52– (Tt = Sn or Pb) and HSi93– cannot be accessed in a binary solid state material but can be crystallized in co-crystals of PPh3 in [Rb@[2.2.2]crypt]2[Sn5][PPh3]2·NH3, [Rb@[2.2.2]crypt]2[Pb5][PPh3]2·NH3, and [K@[2.2.2]crypt]3[HSi9][PPh3]·5NH3.



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Details

Item typeArticle
Journal or Publication TitleInorganic Chemistry
Publisher:American Chemical Society (ACS)
Volume:63
Number of Issue or Book Chapter:43
Page Range:pp. 20240-20249
Date9 August 2024
InstitutionsChemistry and Pharmacy > Institut für Anorganische Chemie > Arbeitskreis Prof. Dr. Nikolaus Korber
Chemistry and Pharmacy > Institut für Organische Chemie > Arbeitskreis Prof. Dr. Ruth Gschwind
Identification Number
ValueType
10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01817DOI
Dewey Decimal Classification500 Science > 540 Chemistry & allied sciences
StatusPublished
RefereedYes, this version has been refereed
Created at the University of RegensburgYes
URN of the UB Regensburgurn:nbn:de:bvb:355-epub-588758
Item ID58875

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