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Fehle, Jakob ; Kruschwitz, Udo ; Hellwig, Nils Constantin ; Wolff, Christian

Leveraging fine-tuning of large language models for aspect-based sentiment analysis in resource-scarce environments

Fehle, Jakob , Kruschwitz, Udo , Hellwig, Nils Constantin and Wolff, Christian (2026) Leveraging fine-tuning of large language models for aspect-based sentiment analysis in resource-scarce environments. Knowledge-Based Systems 336, p. 115277.

Date of publication of this fulltext: 20 Jan 2026 13:08
Article
DOI to cite this document: 10.5283/epub.78479


Abstract

This study explores the use of fine-tuned open source large language models (LLMs) for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA), comparing their performance with state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on English and German datasets with focus on low-resource scenarios. Results on the four ABSA subtasks Aspect Category Detection (ACD), Aspect Category Sentiment Analysis (ACSA), End-To-End-ABSA (E2E), and ...

This study explores the use of fine-tuned open source large language models (LLMs) for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA), comparing their performance with state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on English and German datasets with focus on low-resource scenarios. Results on the four ABSA subtasks Aspect Category Detection (ACD), Aspect Category Sentiment Analysis (ACSA), End-To-End-ABSA (E2E), and Target Aspect Sentiment Detection (TASD) show that fine-tuned LLMs handle limited training data scenarios better than current SOTA approaches, achieving consistent performance across various dataset sizes. Prompt formulation and hyperparameter tuning influence performance, though concise prompts often suffice when combined with effective fine-tuning. To assess generalizability, we conduct an ablation study across multiple languages, domains, and LLM architectures. The findings confirm that performance gains extend beyond the initial setting, supporting the robustness of fine-tuned LLMs over multiple different languages and domains. We establish new SOTA results on the Rest-16 and GERestaurant datasets and highlight the practical viability of fine-tuning LLMs for ABSA applications under limited training material.



Involved Institutions


Details

Item typeArticle
Journal or Publication TitleKnowledge-Based Systems
Publisher:Elsevier
Volume:336
Page Range:p. 115277
Date8 January 2026
InstitutionsLanguages and Literatures > Institut für Information und Medien, Sprache und Kultur (I:IMSK)
Languages and Literatures > Institut für Information und Medien, Sprache und Kultur (I:IMSK) > Lehrstuhl für Medieninformatik (Prof. Dr. Christian Wolff)
Informatics and Data Science > Department Human-Centered Computing > Lehrstuhl für Medieninformatik (Prof. Dr. Christian Wolff)

Languages and Literatures > Institut für Information und Medien, Sprache und Kultur (I:IMSK) > Lehrstuhl für Informationswissenschaft (Prof. Dr. Udo Kruschwitz)
Informatics and Data Science > Department Human-Centered Computing > Lehrstuhl für Informationswissenschaft (Prof. Dr. Udo Kruschwitz)
Identification Number
ValueType
10.1016/j.knosys.2026.115277DOI
KeywordsNatural language processing (NLP), Sentiment analysis (SA), Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA), Instruction fine-tuning, Large language models (LLMs), Low-resource settings
Dewey Decimal Classification000 Computer science, information & general works > 004 Computer science
StatusPublished
RefereedYes, this version has been refereed
Created at the University of RegensburgYes
URN of the UB Regensburgurn:nbn:de:bvb:355-epub-784799
Item ID78479

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