Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess plan quality and treatment time achievable with the new VMAT optimization tool implemented in the treatment planning system Oncentra MasterPlan (R) as compared to IMRT for Elekta SynergyS (R) linear accelerators. Materials and methods: VMAT was implemented on a SynergyS (R) linear accelerator (Elekta Ltd., Crawley, UK) with Mosaiq (R) record and verify system (IMPAC Medical Systems, Sunnyvale, CA) and the treatment planning system Oncentra MasterPlan (R) (Nucletron BV, Veenendaal, the Netherlands). VMAT planning was conducted for three typical target types of prostate cancer, hypopharynx/larynx cancer and vertebral metastases, and compared to standard IMRT with respect to plan quality, number of monitor units (MU), and treatment time. Results: For prostate cancer and vertebral metastases single arc VMAT led to similar plan quality as compared to IMRT. For treatment of the hypopharynx/larynx cancer, a second arc was necessary to achieve sufficient plan quality. Treatment time was reduced in all cases to 35% to 43% as compared to IMRT. Times required for optimization and dose calculation, however, increased by a factor of 5.0 to 6.8. Conclusion: Similar or improved plan quality can be achieved with VMAT as compared to IMRT at reduced treatment times but increased calculation times.