Background: This study was performed to assess the 2006 introduced ENETS TNM-classification with respect to patient survival and surgical approach for patients who underwent surgery for a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas (PNET). Methods: Between 2001 and 2010 38 patients after resection of a PNET were investigated regarding tumor localization and size. Further, patient survival with regards to the new TNM-classification, the operation methods and immunohistochemical markers was analyzed. Results: The estimated mean survival time of the 38 patients was 91 +/- 10 months (female 116 +/- 9, male 56 +/- 14 months; p = 0.008). The 5-year survival rate was 63.9%. Patient survival differed significantly depending on tumor size (pT1 107 +/- 13, pT2 94 +/- 16, pT3 44 +/- 7 and pT4 18 +/- 14 months; P = 0.006). Patients without lymph node metastasis survived significantly longer compared to patients with positive lymph node status (108 +/- 9 vs. 19 +/- 5 months; P < 0.001). However, survival in patients with and without distant metastasis did not differ significantly (92 +/- 11 vs. 80 +/- 23 months; P = 0.876). Further, the tumor grading significantly influenced patient survival (G1 111 +/- 12, G2 68 +/- 12 and G3 21 +/- 14 months; P = 0.037). Conclusions: As part of the TNM-classification especially lymph node status and also tumor size and grading were identified as important factors determining patient survival. Further, gender was demonstrated to significantly influence survival time. If an R0 resection was achieved in patients with distant metastases patient survival was comparable to patients without metastasis.