Purpose Mutations in the genesBRCA1andBRCA2represent a significant risk factor for ovarian and breast cancer. With increasing number and success rates, fertility protection and treatment are gaining importance also forBRCA1/2mutation carriers. However, the effect on primary cancer risk and risk for recurrence remains unclear. This review analyses the published data on fertility treatment and risk of ovarian and breast cancer inBRCA1/2mutation carriers. Methods In this review, we included all relevant articles published in English from 1995 to 2018. Literature was identified through a search on PubMed and Cochrane Library. Results We identified one retrospective cohort and one case-control study regarding the association of fertility treatments and ovarian cancer risk inBRCAmutation carriers. The studies show no increase in ovarian cancer risk. Furthermore, one case-control study on the association between fertility treatment and breast cancer risk inBRCAmutation carriers and one prospective cohort study on the long-term safety of medication used for fertility preservation in women with a history of breast cancer were identified. One of the studies shows a possible adverse effect for gonadotropin-containing medication. Conclusion Possible increases in cancer risk associated with fertility treatments inBRCA1/2mutation carriers cannot be excluded at this time. Based on the existing studies,BRCA1/2mutation carriers should not be generally excluded from fertility treatments. However, they have to be informed about limited data and possible increases in cancer risk.