Objectives To explore the association between genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D serum levels, and variability in dental age. Material and methods This cross-sectional study was based on an oral examination, panoramic radiograph analysis, and genotype analysis from biological samples. Dental age was evaluated using two different methods: Demirjian et al. (Hum Biol 45:211-227, 1973) and Hofmann et al. (J Orofac Orthop.78:97-111, 2017). The genetic polymorphisms BglI (rs739837) and FokI (rs2228570) in VDR were genotyped through real-time PCR. The vitamin D level was also measured in the serum. Delta (dental age-chronological age) was compared among genotypes in VDR in the co-dominant model. Multiple linear regression analysis was also performed. An established alpha of 5% was used. Results Genotype distributions of BglI and FokI were not associated with dental maturity (p > 0.05). In the logistic regression analyses, genotypes in BglI and FokI and vitamin D levels were not associated with variability in dental age (p > 0.05). Conclusions The genetic polymorphisms BglI and FokI in VDR and the vitamin D levels were not associated with variability in dental age.