Abstract
Urinary cytology and white light endoscopy have been the gold standard for initial diagnosis of bladder cancer for decades. Furthermore the use of imaging techniques, such as ultrasound or CT scanning can be necessary in certain cases. This article gives an overview on standard diagnostic techniques and introduces new optical diagnostic technologies, such as Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence ...
Abstract
Urinary cytology and white light endoscopy have been the gold standard for initial diagnosis of bladder cancer for decades. Furthermore the use of imaging techniques, such as ultrasound or CT scanning can be necessary in certain cases. This article gives an overview on standard diagnostic techniques and introduces new optical diagnostic technologies, such as Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, narrow band imaging and confocal laser microscopy, which could play a role in the diagnosis of bladder cancer in the future. Furthermore the current indications for photodynamic diagnoses are discussed.
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