α,α-Bromonitroalkanes (BNAs) exhibit chameleon-like reactivity, serving as carbene, radical, carbanion, and carbocation synthons. This mini-review summarizes the different reaction modes and highlights recent developments in thermal and photochemical processes. In particular, the same starting materials can yield divergent products depending on the reaction conditions, catalysts, and additives employed, making the contributions of individual research groups even more valuable when considered together. Differences and similarities to related α,α-bromonitroalkenes are briefly discussed, noting that additions to their double bond generate the BNAs as intermediates.