Periodic modulation of a free two-dimensional electron system changes the bandstructure in which the electrons move. A weak modulation opens up small energy gaps in the free electron bandstructure while a strong, short-period modulation leads to the formation of well separated cosine-like minibands. We study transport in both cases using structures grown with the Cleaved-Edge-Overgrowth method. It allows to fabricate high quality two-dimensional electron systems with arbitrary modulation periods which are precise on an atomic scale. Perturbing the system only weakly with a long-period superlattice that is located some distance away from the electron layer leads to magneto-transport characteristics which exhibit each a number of different 1/B-periodic oscillations. These can be very well explained by semiclassical theory and allow the extraction of the Fermi surface of the system. The strong modulation with a short-period superlattice leads to the two-dimensional equivalent of a conventional superlattice. One very important difference lies in the stability of the expected negative differential conductance regime with respect to electric field instabilities. Geometrical considerations show that the observation of stable Bloch oscillations is possible in these systems. We will show that density dependent transport studies confirm the formation of a two-dimensional superlattice. Although negative diffential conductance, also observed in those samples, must be attributed to an inhomogeneous density distribution.