Horizontal Gene Transfer Contributed to the Evolution of Extracellular Surface Structures: The Freshwater Polyp Hydra Is Covered by a Complex Fibrous Cuticle Containing Glycosaminoglycans and Proteins of the PPOD and SWT (Sweet Tooth) Families

Powell-Coffman, Jo Anne ; Böttger, Angelika ; Doxey, Andrew C. ; Hess, Michael W. ; Pfaller, Kristian ; Salvenmoser, Willi ; Deutzmann, Rainer ; Geissner, Andreas ; Pauly, Barbara ; Altstätter, Johannes ; Münder, Sandra ; Heim, Astrid ; Gabius, Hans-Joachim ; McConkey, Brendan J. ; David, Charles N.

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Details

Item type:	Article
Journal or Publication Title:	PLoS ONE
Publisher:	PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
Place of Publication:	SAN FRANCISCO
Volume:	7
Number of Issue or Book Chapter:	12
Page Range:	e52278
Date:	2012
Institutions:	Biology, Preclinical Medicine > Institut für Biochemie, Genetik und Mikrobiologie Biology, Preclinical Medicine > Institut für Biochemie, Genetik und Mikrobiologie > Lehrstuhl für Biochemie I Biology, Preclinical Medicine > Institut für Biochemie, Genetik und Mikrobiologie > Lehrstuhl für Biochemie I > Prof. Dr. Rainer Deutzmann
Identification Number:	Value Type 10.1371/journal.pone.0052278 DOI
Keywords:	EPITHELIUM CORYNE TUBULOSA; FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTORS; CYSTEINE-RICH DOMAIN; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MANNOSE RECEPTOR; BINDING; LECTIN; CELL; CHONDROITIN; SULFATE;
Dewey Decimal Classification:	500 Science > 570 Life sciences
Status:	Published
Refereed:	Yes, this version has been refereed
Created at the University of Regensburg:	Yes
Item ID:	63017

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Abstract

The single-cell layered ectoderm of the fresh water polyp Hydra fulfills the function of an epidermis by protecting the animals from the surrounding medium. Its outer surface is covered by a fibrous structure termed the cuticle layer, with similarity to the extracellular surface coats of mammalian epithelia. In this paper we have identified molecular components of the cuticle. We show that its ...

Abstract

The single-cell layered ectoderm of the fresh water polyp Hydra fulfills the function of an epidermis by protecting the animals from the surrounding medium. Its outer surface is covered by a fibrous structure termed the cuticle layer, with similarity to the extracellular surface coats of mammalian epithelia. In this paper we have identified molecular components of the cuticle. We show that its outermost layer contains glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans and we have identified chondroitin and chondroitin-6-sulfate chains. In a search for proteins that could be involved in organising this structure we found PPOD proteins and several members of a protein family containing only SWT (sweet tooth) domains. Structural analyses indicate that PPODs consist of two tandem beta-trefoil domains with similarity to carbohydrate-binding sites found in lectins. Experimental evidence confirmed that PPODs can bind sulfated glycans and are secreted into the cuticle layer from granules localized under the apical surface of the ectodermal epithelial cells. PPODs are taxon-specific proteins which appear to have entered the Hydra genome by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. Their acquisition at the time Hydra evolved from a marine ancestor may have been critical for the transition to the freshwater environment.

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