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Intakes of vitamins A, C, and E and use of multiple vitamin supplements and risk of colon cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies

Park, Yikyung ; Spiegelman, Donna ; Hunter, David J. ; Albanes, Demetrius ; Bergkvist, Leif ; Buring, Julie E. ; Freudenheim, Jo L. ; Giovannucci, Edward ; Goldbohm, R. Alexandra ; Harnack, Lisa ; Kato, Ikuko ; Krogh, Vittorio ; Leitzmann, Michael F. ; Limburg, Paul J. ; Marshall, James R. ; McCullough, Marjorie L. ; Miller, Anthony B. ; Rohan, Thomas E. ; Schatzkin, Arthur ; Shore, Roy ; Sieri, Sabina ; Stampfer, Meir J. ; Virtamo, Jarmo ; Weijenberg, Matty ; Willett, Walter C. ; Wolk, Alicja ; Zhang, Shumin M. ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A.



Abstract

To evaluate the associations between intakes of vitamins A, C, and E and risk of colon cancer. Using the primary data from 13 cohort studies, we estimated study- and sex-specific relative risks (RR) with Cox proportional hazards models and subsequently pooled RRs using a random effects model. Among 676,141 men and women, 5,454 colon cancer cases were identified (7-20 years of follow-up across ...

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