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Intakes of Fruit, Vegetables, and Carotenoids and Renal Cell Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of 13 Prospective Studies

Lee, Jung Eun ; Männistö, Satu ; Spiegelman, Donna ; Hunter, David J. ; Bernstein, Leslie ; van den Brandt, Piet A. ; Buring, Julie E. ; Cho, Eunyoung ; English, Dallas R. ; Flood, Andrew ; Freudenheim, Jo L. ; Giles, Graham G. ; Giovannucci, Edward ; Håkansson, Niclas ; Horn-Ross, Pamela L. ; Jacobs, Eric J. ; Leitzmann, Michael F. ; Marshall, James R. ; McCullough, Marjorie L. ; Miller, Anthony B. ; Rohan, Thomas E. ; Ross, Julie A. ; Schatzkin, Arthur ; Schouten, Leo J. ; Virtamo, Jarmo ; Wolk, Alicja ; Zhang, Shumin M. ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A.



Abstract

Fruit and vegetable consumption has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of renal cell cancer. We conducted a pooled analysis of 13 prospective studies, including 1,478 incident cases of renal cell cancer (709 women and 769 men) among 530,469 women and 244,483 men followed for up to 7 to 20 years. Participants completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline. Using the primary data ...

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