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A Second Photoactivatable State of the Anion-conducting channelrhodopsin GtACR1 empowers persistent activity
Article
Kötting, Carsten, Labudda, Kristin, Norahan, Mohamad, Hübner, Lisa-Marie, Althoff, Philipp, Gerwert, Klaus, Lübben, Mathias
and Rudack, Till
(2025)
A Second Photoactivatable State of the Anion-conducting channelrhodopsin GtACR1 empowers persistent activity.
ResearchSquare.
(Submitted)
DOI to cite this document: 10.5283/epub.77165
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Abstract
Optogenetics is a method to regulate cells using light. It is applied to study neurons and to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools for neuron-related diseases. The cation-conducting channelrhodopsin ChR2 triggers photoinduced depolarization of neuronal cells but generates very low ion currents due to the syn-pathway of its branched photocycle. In contrast, the homologous anion-conducting ACR1 ...
Optogenetics is a method to regulate cells using light. It is applied to study neurons and to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools for neuron-related diseases. The cation-conducting channelrhodopsin ChR2 triggers photoinduced depolarization of neuronal cells but generates very low ion currents due to the syn-pathway of its branched photocycle. In contrast, the homologous anion-conducting ACR1 from Guillardia theta (GtACR1), exhibits high photocurrents. Here, we investigate the mechanistic cause for the observed high photocurrents in GtACR1 using FTIR spectroscopy. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the O intermediate of GtACR1 is photoactivable, allowing for fast and efficient channel reopening. Our vibrational spectra show a photocyclic reaction sequence after O excitation similar to the ground state photocycle but with slightly altered channel conformation and protonation states. Our results provide deeper insights into the gating mechanism of channelrhodopsins and pave the way to advance the development of optimized optogenetic tools in future.
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| Item type | Article | ||||
| Journal or Publication Title | ResearchSquare | ||||
| Title of Book | A Second Photoactivatable State of the Anion-conducting channelrhodopsin GtACR1 empowers persistent activity | ||||
| Open Access Type | OA-Version in anderem Repositorium | ||||
| Date | 17 March 2025 | ||||
| Date of publication | 16 Jul 2025 13:56 | ||||
| Institutions | Informatics and Data Science > Department Computational Life Science | ||||
| Identification Number |
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| Dewey Decimal Classification | 000 Computer science, information & general works > 004 Computer science 500 Science > 570 Life sciences | ||||
| Status | Submitted | ||||
| Refereed | No, this version has not been refereed yet (as with preprints) | ||||
| Created at the University of Regensburg | Partially | ||||
| URN of the UB Regensburg | urn:nbn:de:bvb:355-epub-771651 | ||||
| Item ID | 77165 |
Available versions of this item
- A Second Photoactivatable State of the Anion-conducting channelrhodopsin GtACR1 empowers persistent activity. (Deposited on 16 Jul 2025 13:56) [Currently displayed]

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