Graphene possesses distinctive properties such as chemical stability, wide potential window and large surface area, making it an ideal electrode material that could potentially yield significant benefits in many electrochemical applications. The quality of graphene has an enormous impact on its electrochemical performance. It is therefore necessary to study the
influence of defects and impurities on the amperometric performance of graphene towards the sensing of a target analyte. This thesis studies the critical role of the fabrication routes of graphene materials on their efficiency and electrochemical performance, putting emphasis on the influence of defects and impurities on direct amperometric detection of hydrogen
peroxide. It is found that the sensors based on graphene with lower number of defects lead to a higher sensitivity towards H2O2.
Furthermore, graphene's electrochemical and amperometric properties for non-enzymatic glucose determination based on electrodeposition of NiO nanoparticles have been investigated. To address this issue, CVD graphene was patterned with arrays of antidot lattices to provide artificial dangling positions for attachment of nanoparticles to the graphene surface. It is demonstrated that the nanopatterned graphene exhibited better performance in glucose sensing compared to pristine CVD graphene, and efficient tailoring of the size and lattice constant of the antidots on graphene surface can optimize electrodeposition of NiO nanoparticles and the amperometric response of graphene-based sensors towards glucose detection.