We study the mass/energy structure of the bound state of hadrons in two-dimensional quantum chromodynamics in the large number of color limit ('t Hooft model). We analyze separately the contributions from the traceless and trace part of the energy-momentum tensor, and show that the masses are related to the matrix elements of the scalar charge and Coulomb energy. We derive the light-front sum rules for the scalar charge and Coulomb energy, expressed in terms of the light-front wave functions, and find that they are regular at x = 0 without the delta function contribution. We also consider the result for the massless Goldstone boson, as well as the structure of the gravitational form factors of the bound meson states.