Background A nationwide assessment of the respiratory status on the basis of standardized lung function measurements has so far not been available in Germany. The present work describes the lung function tests in the German National Cohort (GNC) and presents initial results based on the GNC Midterm Baseline Dataset. Material and Methods The assessment of lung function in the GNC comprised spirometry (level 1) and the determination of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO, level 2). Our quality assurance concept included regular training of lung function test procedures at various GNC sites, interim evaluations of test quality, as well as regular calibration/measurement checks of test equipment. For spirometry, we established a stepwise procedure for offline quality control based on raw flow volume curves. Results In the present dataset (n& x202f;= 101,734), spirometry was available for 86,893 study participants and FeNO was available for 15,228 participants. The average (+/- SD) FEV1 Z score (according to GLI 2012) was -0.321& x202f;+/- 1.047, the FVC Z score was -0.153& x202f;+/- 0.941, and the FEV1/FVC Z score was -0.337& x202f;+/- 0.901. The difference in FEV1/FVC between current smokers and never-smokers increased with age. The average FeNO was 14.2& x202f;divided by 2.0& x202f;ppb. Current smoking reduced FeNO levels by 43%, whereas respiratory allergy increased FeNO levels by 16% in nonsmokers. Discussion The results of spirometry and the FeNO measurements are in the expected range with regard to their distributions and correlates. The GNC provides a valuable basis for future investigations of respiratory health and its determinants as well as research into the prevention of respiratory diseases in Germany.